Food allergies are complex and multifactorial conditions, involving a interplay of environmental and genetic factors, gene-environment interactions, and immune responses mediated by food-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and type 2 immune responses. The prevalence of food allergies in children has surged, affecting nearly 8% of this population and standing as the primary cause of anaphylaxis and related emergency department visits.
High-throughput omics approaches:
Over the past decades, high-throughput omics approaches have played a pivotal role in the search for potential biomarkers associated with food allergies. These encompass genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, exposomic, and metabolomic technologies. While each of these techniques provides valuable insights, they individually offer only a partial understanding of the intricate biological processes involved in food allergies.
Limitations of individual omics technologies:
Individual omics technologies, while powerful, present limitations in comprehensively capturing the multi-system dynamics of food allergies. Recognizing this, there is a need for an integrated approach that combines population-based multi-omics data with clinical information.
The promise of multi-omics profiling:
The multi-omics profiling approach emerges as a promising tool in this context. By amalgamating data from various omics technologies with clinical information, this approach holds the potential for robust biomarker discovery. This integration is anticipated to usher in advancements in disease management and clinical care, with potential implications for the development of precision medicine strategies.
Conclusion:
In summary, the multi-omics profiling approach represents a significant advancement in the identification of potential biomarkers for food allergies. Its application not only enhances diagnostic capabilities but also sheds light on therapeutic targets, fostering progress in disease management and clinical care. The integration of population-based multi-omics data and clinical information marks a pivotal step towards precision medicine in the realm of food allergies.
Sources:
(1) Multi-omics profiling approach in food allergy. https://www.worldallergyorganizationjournal.org/article/S1939-4551%2823%2900037-6/pdf.
(2) Molecular interface between food allergy diagnosis and treatment: Value of a multi-omics approach. https://gsconlinepress.com/journals/gscbps/content/molecular-interface-between-food-allergy-diagnosis-and-treatment-value-multi-omics-approach.
(3) Application of (multi-)omics approaches for advancing food allergy: an updated review. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Qiaozhi-Zhang/publication/360362297_Application_of_multi-omics_approaches_for_advancing_food_allergy_an_updated_review/links/62aa7fa5938bee3e3f37a97b/Application-of-multi-omics-approaches-for-advancing-food-allergy-an-updated-review.pdf?origin=journalDetail.
